There is no know antidote for chromium poisoning. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. ( 1)Ĭhromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. ( 8)Ĭhromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. ( 7)Ĭhromium(III) chloride is used in organic synthesis and reactions. ( 1, 5)ģ, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. ( 1, 5, 2, 3, 4)Ĭhromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal. Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal chlorides.

Chromium chloride spectrum